SharePoint 2013 – “Sorry, something went wrong” when configuring Incoming E-Mail Settings

While trying to enable incoming email settings for a document library in SharePoint 2013 I clicked OK on the form and received the following error:

Sorry, something went wrong
An unexpected error has occurred.

I found the following in the ULS logs (using the Merge-SPLogFile cmdlet):

Critical     An operation failed because the following certificate has validation errors. Subject Name: <certificate details> Errors: SSL policy errors have been encountered.  Error code '0x2'
Medium       Application error when access /_layouts/15/EmailSettings.aspx, Error=The remote certificate is invalid according to the validation procedure.

This was also logged in the Windows Application event log under Event ID 8311.

After a few hours of troubleshooting I determined this was being caused by an invalid certificate on the IIS web site for Central Administration.  After replacing the self-signed certificate with a CA issued certificate the error went away and I was able to configure the incoming e-mail settings.